[3], Blue supergiants are newly evolved from the main sequence, have extremely high luminosities, high mass loss rates, and are generally unstable. They are larger than the Sun but smaller than a red supergiant, with surface temperatures of 10,000–50,000 K and luminosities from about 10,000 to a million times that of the Sun. Blue Supergiant Stars Essay Example Blue supergiant stars are staller evolutions that have resulted over millions of years. Pismis 24-1 B . Main sequence stars are powered by the fusion of hydrogen (H) into helium (He) in their cores, a process that requires temperatures of more than 10 million Kelvin. They tend to be situated towards the top of the Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram, … Around 90 percent of the stars in the Universe are main sequence stars, including our sun. These stars usually become blue supergiants, although it is possible that some of them evolve directly to Wolf–Rayet stars. Supergiants are some of the largest stars in the universe. Naked-eye = 4 (city) Part of a cluster of three nearby objects, 24-1A represents the most massive and most luminous of the group, with a mass between 100 and 120 solar masses. En savoir plus. ESO/IDA/Danish 1.5/ R. … Blue Supergiant Stars: Behemoths of the Galaxies. [4][5] Depending on the exact mass and composition of a red supergiant, it can execute a number of blue loops before either exploding as a type II supernova or finally dumping enough of its outer layers to become a blue supergiant again, less luminous than the first time but more unstable. During the main sequence stage, the star converts hydrogen to helium by nuclear fusion in the cores of stars the process also known as proton-proton chain. It is around 14 billion light-years away from us. [8] Now it is known from observation that almost any class of evolved high-mass star, including blue and yellow supergiants, can explode as a supernova although theory still struggles to explain how in detail. Rigel—a blue supergiant. Examples of blue supergiant stars. The most massive and luminous star ever discovered is a Wolf-Rayet star named R136a1. Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation Orion is a typical blue-white supergiant; Deneb is the brightest star in Cygnus, a white supergiant; Delta Cephei is the famous prototype Cepheid variable, a yellow supergiant; and Betelgeuse, Antares and UY Scuti are red supergiants. We can custom-write anything as well! Expansion into the supergiant stage occurs when hydrogen in the core of the star is depleted and hydrogen shell burning starts, but it may also be caused as heavy elements are dredged up to the surface by convection and mass loss due to radiation pressure … In the process they must spend some time as yellow supergiants or yellow hypergiants, but this expansion occurs in just a few thousand years and so these stars are rare. There are a great number of supergiant stars. Explanation. They have luminosity class I and spectral class B9 or earlier.[1]. The star cluster Pismis 24 also contains the star Pismis 24-1b. Supergiants are evolved high-mass stars, larger and more luminous than main-sequence stars. Some are 2,700 million … When a red supergiant becomes a blue supergiant, the faster wind it produces impacts the already emitted slow wind and causes the outflowing material to condense into a thin shell. O class and early B class stars with initial masses around 10–300 M☉ evolve away from the main sequence in just a few million years as their hydrogen is consumed and heavy elements start to appear near the surface of the star. supergiant definition: 1. an extremely large star that is between 10,000 and 100,000 times brighter than the sun 2. an…. A red supergiant Betelgeuse is no slouch of a star either: 6. Allemand . They cool and enlarge at approximately constant luminosity to become a red supergiant, then contract and increase in temperature as the outer layers are blown away. Same reason you can see color in daylight and black/white at night. An example of a blue/white giant star is Alcyone in the constellation Taurus. Higher mass red supergiants blow away their outer atmospheres and evolve back to blue supergiants, and possibly onwards to Wolf–Rayet stars. What they have in common is: a moderate increase in size and luminosity compared to main-sequence stars of the same mass or temperature, and are hot enough to be called blue, meaning spectral class O, B, and sometimes early A. These are the brightest blue giant, supergiant, and hypergiant stars that can be found by eye, binoculars, or small (4-inch) telescope. It is more than 1,000 times bigger than our Sun. Main sequence stars typically range from between one tenth to 200 times the Sun’s mass. 16" (400m) telescope = 16 A famous examples of a bright blue giant star is Spica, a binary system whose primary component is a blue giant, and together with its companion, make up the 4 brightest star in the constellation Virgo. Binoculars = 10 Many of them become luminous blue variables (LBVs) with episodes of extreme mass loss. They may "bounce" backwards and forwards executing one or more "blue loops", still at a fairly steady luminosity, until they explode as a super… Red supergiants are a size in between red hypergaints and blue hypergiants. Perhaps the most famous example is Eta Carinae, a double-star system containing a blue LBV of around 100 solar masses, orbited by a blue supergiant of about 30 solar masses. Blue supergiants are supergiant stars (class I) of spectral type O. Stars with an initial mass above about 25 M☉ quickly move away from the main sequence and increase somewhat in luminosity to become blue supergiants. Massive, luminous O and B class stars are sometimes classed as blue-white supergiants, such as Rigel, a B class star with a radius 70 times that of the Sun, 17-times the Sun's mass and 66 000 times the Sun's luminosity. Moreover, Spica was the star whose movement across the sky had led the ancient astronomer Hipparchus to discover the precession of the equinoxes. VX Sagittarii, one of the Supergiant star. One of the largest stars ever discovered is the red supergiant VY Canis Majoris. Those live relatively short stellar lives and die explosive deaths after only a few tens of millions of years. • MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 (or Icarus) – most distant individual star detected They vary greatly in size. Blue supergiants are among that second group. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. Some live long and prosper while others are born on the fast track. For example… Blue supergiants have fast stellar winds and the most luminous, called hypergiants, have spectra dominated by emission lines that indicate strong continuum driven mass loss. [10][11][12], Because of their extreme masses they have relatively short lifespans and are mainly observed in young cosmic structures such as open clusters, the arms of spiral galaxies, and in irregular galaxies. Examples of embedded objects are clusters of newly formed stars in star formation regions, more evolved giant and supergiant stars such as infrared (OH/IR) stars or the central stars and perhaps central black hole of a galaxy. [9] While most supernovae are of the relatively homogeneous type II-P and are produced by red supergiants, blue supergiants are observed to produce supernovae with a wide range of luminosities, durations, and spectral types, sometimes sub-luminous like SN 1987A, sometimes super-luminous such as many type IIn supernovae. Naked-eye = 6* (dark sky) Despite their rarity and their short lives they are heavily represented among the stars visible to the naked eye; their immense brightness is more than enough to compensate for their scarcity. One of the most distant stars detected is a blue supergiant named Icarus. These will eventually become red supergiants over time. Part of the nebula NGC 6357, located in the Pismis 24 open cluster, is a variable blue supergiant. Class B stars are amongst the blue giant and small and middle sized supergiant stars. Direct image of the star UY Scuti, a red supergiant which is one of the largest known stars. Naked-eye = 5 (suburbs) Rigel (β Orionis),a blue-white (B-type) supergiant. They are extremely hot and bright, with surface temperatures of between 20,000 - … Here too, what appears to be a blue supergiant is actually a multistar system. Learn more. These are the brightest blue giant, supergiant, and hypergiant stars that can be found by eye, binoculars, or small (4-inch) telescope. Blue supergiants show varying quantities of heavy elements in their spectra, depending on their age and the efficiency with which the products of nucleosynthesis in the core are convected up to the surface. Blue supergiant: Blue supergiants are hot luminous stars, referred to scientifically as OB supergiants.They have luminosity class I and spectral class B9 or earlier. Its mass is about 20 times that of the Sun, and its luminosity is around 117,000 times greater. A blue supergiant (BSG) is a hot, luminous star, often referred to as an OB supergiant.They have luminosity class I and spectral class B9 or earlier.. Blue supergiants are found towards the top left of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, above and to the right of the main sequence.They are larger than the Sun but smaller than a red supergiant, with surface temperatures of 10,000–50,000 K … 8" (200mm) telescope = 14 the examples are Mu Cephei or Garnet Sidus. Some examples of supergiant stars are Rigel, Deneb and Betelgeuse. [2] Expansion into the supergiant stage occurs when hydrogen in the core of the star is depleted and hydrogen shell burning starts, but it may also be caused as heavy elements are dredged up to the surface by convection and mass loss due to radiation pressure increase.
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